Bitcoin 4-Year Cycle: Halving, Bottoms & When to Buy

Every Bitcoin bull market has been preceded by a halving. Every bear market bottom has occurred 60–75% through the 4-year cycle. Understanding where we are in the current cycle is the foundation of on-chain-based investing — and it's what the Halving Cycle Position signal tracks daily in the Bitcoin Bottom Score.

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Why Bitcoin Has a 4-Year Cycle

Bitcoin's supply schedule is hardcoded into its protocol. Approximately every 210,000 blocks (~4 years), the block reward paid to miners is cut in half — an event called the "halving." This mechanically reduces the rate of new BTC entering circulation by 50%, creating a supply shock at predictable intervals.

Miners — who receive newly issued BTC as compensation — are forced to sell a portion of earnings to cover operating costs. After a halving, this supply of freshly mined BTC hitting the market drops sharply. If demand remains constant or grows, price rises to balance supply and demand. This dynamic has produced a recognizable four-phase cycle that has repeated across all four halvings to date.

The cycle is not a guarantee — it is an emergent property of Bitcoin's fixed supply schedule interacting with market psychology. Each cycle has been less extreme than the last as Bitcoin's market cap has grown and institutional adoption has deepened. But the fundamental supply-demand dynamic of the halving continues to shape long-term price behavior.

The 4 Phases of Each Bitcoin Halving Cycle

1. Post-Halving Accumulation
Months 1–12 after halving

New supply shock kicks in. Price often trades sideways or rallies modestly as on-chain accumulation builds. Long-term holders absorb available supply. MVRV typically recovering from lows toward 1.0.

2. Bull Market Expansion
Months 12–24 after halving

Reduced supply meets rising demand. Retail FOMO enters. On-chain metrics (MVRV, NUPL) extend into overvalued territory. Exchange reserves decline as more BTC moves to cold storage. Fear & Greed frequently in Extreme Greed (80+).

3. Distribution & Peak
Months 18–30 after halving

Long-term holders distribute to new buyers. MVRV Z-Score peaks above 5–7. NUPL reaches Euphoria/Greed zone. Exchange reserves stop declining. Funding rates spike. The cycle top forms — often suddenly.

4. Bear Market & Capitulation
Months 30–42 after halving

Price corrects 70–85%. Retail capitulates. Miners struggle. MVRV Z-Score turns negative. Puell Multiple below 0.5. NUPL reaches Capitulation zone. The next cycle bottom forms here — confirmed by on-chain signal convergence.

Historical Bitcoin Halving Cycles

HalvingCycle BottomBottom PriceCycle PeakPeak Price
Nov 2012Nov 2011~$2Nov 2013~$1,150
Jul 2016Jan 2015~$150Dec 2017~$20,000
May 2020Dec 2018~$3,200Nov 2021~$69,000
Apr 2024Nov 2022~$15,500Jan 2025~$109,000

Each cycle bottom has occurred before the subsequent halving, with on-chain signals converging at the low. Gains measured from cycle bottom to next cycle peak.

Where Are We in the Current Bitcoin Cycle?

The most recent halving occurred on April 19, 2024 at block 840,000, reducing the block reward from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC. The next halving is expected around April 2028. That makes the current cycle approximately 1,458 days long (the historical average).

Bitcoin reached a new all-time high of ~$109,000 in January 2025 — roughly 9 months post-halving, consistent with historical bull market timing. The subsequent correction has brought the Bitcoin Bottom Score back into elevated territory as multiple on-chain signals move toward cycle bottom conditions.

Current Cycle — April 2024 Halving
Last Halving
Apr 19, 2024
Block Reward
3.125 BTC
Next Halving
~Apr 2028
Historical Bottom Window
Late 2025 – Mid 2026

Historical bottom window based on 60–75% cycle completion (days 875–1,095 post-halving). Not a price prediction. Track live signals for confirmation.

On-Chain Signals That Confirm a Cycle Bottom

Cycle position alone is not enough to call a bottom — timing relative to the halving establishes the opportunity window, but on-chain capitulation signals confirm when the accumulation phase has begun. These five signals have converged at every confirmed cycle low:

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Bitcoin 4-year cycle?
The Bitcoin 4-year cycle refers to the recurring pattern of bull markets, bear markets, and recoveries that have roughly aligned with Bitcoin's halving events. Each halving cuts the block reward in half, reducing new BTC supply by 50%, which has historically triggered a bull market 12–18 months later followed by a bear market correction of 70–85%.
When does Bitcoin bottom after a halving?
Historically, Bitcoin has bottomed approximately 60–75% through each 4-year cycle — roughly 12–18 months before the next halving. The December 2018 bottom occurred at ~70% through the cycle, and the November 2022 bottom at ~68%. For the current cycle (April 2024 halving), the historical window places a potential bottom between late 2025 and mid-2026. On-chain signal convergence is required to confirm.
Will the 4-year Bitcoin cycle continue?
Most analysts expect the 4-year cycle to continue as long as halvings occur and Bitcoin's supply schedule drives miner economics. However, increasing institutional adoption, ETF inflows, and correlation with macro risk assets means each cycle is becoming less extreme. The fundamental supply shock of the halving remains intact.
How many Bitcoin halvings have there been?
Four: November 2012 (50→25 BTC), July 2016 (25→12.5 BTC), May 2020 (12.5→6.25 BTC), and April 2024 (6.25→3.125 BTC). The next halving is expected around April 2028 (3.125→1.5625 BTC).
How is cycle position calculated in the Bitcoin Bottom Score?
The Halving Cycle Position signal calculates what percentage of the current 4-year cycle (1,458 days) has elapsed since the last halving. The signal score peaks when the cycle is 60–75% complete — the historical bottom window — and returns to neutral at other cycle phases. It is one of 25 signals in the composite Bitcoin Bottom Score.
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Not financial advice. Historical cycle patterns do not guarantee future results. Bitcoin carries substantial risk. Always conduct your own research.